Lubrication

CHAPTER 2 : LUBRICATION

What is Lubrication??

• Wear is a major cause of material wastage,so any reduction of wear can effect considerable saving.
• Friction is a principal cause of energy dissipation and considerable savings are possible by improved friction control.
• The most effective mean of controlling wear and reducing friction.
• Lubrication as part of tribology, which is the science and technology of friction lubrication an wear.

Lubrication Principle

• To reduce friction between any two relatively moving or sliding surfaces by the interposition of a lubricant between them.
• The act of applying lubricants and lubrication substances which are capable of reducing friction between moving mechanical parts.

Type of lubrication

• Fluid or hydrodynamic lubrication
• Thin film or boundary 
• Extreme pressure 

Type of lubricant

• Solid lubricant

• Semi solid lubricant

• Liquid lubricant

• Emulsion lubricant

Type of automatic lubrication system

1. Oil Mist System

•  Grinding machinery
• Woodworking
• Air craft compressor

     2. Orifice-Control System

• Use only oil as a lubricant with viscosity usually limited to 300 SUS or less
• Orifice used to control the amount of lubrication going into a bearing

    3. Injector system

        

• can be used with oil an light greases usually limited to NLGI 1
  
  
  

     4. Series progressive system

• provide positive displacement of lubricant by supplying each bearing with predetermined amount of lubricant before lubricating the next point

      5. Duoline system

• innovation system which combine series progressive and twin line system
• this system extend for hundreds of feet the benefits of the series progressive system along the benefit of two lines
  

      6. Pump to point system

• simple system and easy to design
• operate with a series of pumps that usually are driven off an eccentric can that is powered by an electric motor
  

      7. Zone control system

• flexible machining center
• it is series progressive system that utilizes a series of zero leak solenoid valves that can be turned on to lubricate a particular station or cell of the machine
  

      8. Ejection system

• chain conveyor links and bearing 
• roller chain'
• slides and guides

Lubrication protection

• contamination of dirts 
• contamination with exercise moisture or water
• exposure to extreme temperature

Five ways of lubrication protection

• location and personnel
• facilities for handling
• lighting
• bulk storage
• fire protection

Lubrication devices and system

Centralized automatic lubrication

• safety
• more efficient lubrication
• increased productivity
• reduced operating cost
• better housekeeping

Properties of lubrication

• viscosity index oiliness
• volatility
• flashand fire point
• cloud point and pour
• emulsification
• carbon residue
• aniline point
• saponification number

Three common types of wear as a result of friction

• abrasive wear
• adhesion
• surface fatigue

Tribology

• effect of friction and ways to reduce friction in order to reduce wear heat and particle contamination
  

The problems

• cause the destruction of asperities resulting in metal particle interrupting the oil film between two surfaces generating more particles
  

Fluid management

• selection and purchase of lubrication 

• lubrication monitoring during use

• lubricant maintenance using processing

• refortification techniques

• disposal of the spent lubricant